Biology Prefixes and Suffixes -penia

The suffix (-penia) means to lack or to have a deficiency. It is derived from the Greek penà ­a for poverty or need. When added to the end of a word, (-penia) often indicates a specific type of deficiency. Words Ending With: (-penia) Calcipenia (calci-penia): Calcipenia is the condition of having an insufficient amount of calcium in the body. Calcipenic rickets is commonly caused by a deficiency of vitamin D or calcium and results in the softening or weakening of bones.Chloropenia (chloro-penia): A deficiency in the concentration of chloride in the blood is called chloropenia. It may result from a diet poor in salt (NaCl).Cytopenia (cyto-penia): A deficiency in the production of one or more types of blood cells is called cytopenia. This condition may be caused by liver disorders, poor kidney function, and chronic inflammatory diseases.Ductopenia (ducto-penia): Ductopenia is a reduction in the number of ducts in an organ, typically the liver or gall bladder.Enzymopenia (enzymo-penia): The condition of having an enzyme deficiency is called enzymopenia.Eosinopenia (eosino-penia): This condition is characterized by having abnormally low numbers of eosinphils in the blood. Eosinophils are  white blood cells that bec ome increasingly active during parasitic infections and allergic reactions.Erythropenia (erythro-penia): A deficiency in the numbers of erythrocytes (red blood cells) in the blood is called erythropenia. This condition may result from blood loss, low blood cell production, or red blood cell destruction.Granulocytopenia (granulo-cyto-penia): A significant decrease in the numbers of granulocytes in the blood is termed granulocytopenia. Granulocytes are white blood cells that include neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.Glycopenia (glyco-penia): Glycopenia is sugar deficiency in an organ or tissue, usually caused by low blood sugar.Kaliopenia (kalio-penia): This condition is characterized by having insufficient concentrations of potassium in the body.Leukopenia (leuko-penia): Leukopenia is an abnormally low white blood cell count. This condition poses an increased risk in infection, as the immune cell count in the body is low.Lipopenia (lipo-penia): Lipopenia is a deficiency in the number of lipids in the body.Lymphopenia (lympho-penia): This condition is characterized by a deficiency in the number of lymphocytes in the blood. Lymphocytes are white blood cells that are important to cell-mediated immunity. Lymphocytes include B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells.Monocytopenia (mono-cyto-penia): Having an abnormally low monocyte count in the blood is called monocytopenia. Monocytes are white blood cells that include macrophages and dendritic cells.Neuroglycopenia (neuro-glyco-penia): Having a deficiency in glucose (sugar) levels in the brain is termed neuroglycopenia. Low glucose levels in the brain disrupts neuron function and if prolonged, can lead to tremors, anxiety, sweating, coma, and death.Neutropenia (neutro-penia): Neutopenia is a condition characterized by having low numbers of infection-fighting white blood cells called neutrophils in the blood. Neutrophils are one of the first cells to travel to an infection site and actively kill pathogens.Ost eopenia (osteo-penia): The condition of having lower than normal bone mineral density,  which may lead to osteoporosis, is called osteopenia.Phosphopenia (phospho-penia): Having a phosphorus deficiency in the body is termed phosphopenia. This condition may result from an abnormal excretion of phosphorus by the kidneys.Sarcopenia (sarco-penia): Sarcopenia is the natural loss of muscle mass associated with the aging process.Sideropenia (sidero-penia): The condition of having abnormally low iron levels in the blood is known as sideropenia. This may result from blood loss or iron deficiency in the diet.Thrombocytopenia (thrombo-cyto-penia): Thrombocytes are platelets, and thrombocytopenia is the condition of having an abnormally low platelet count in the blood.

Article Review On Body Detox - 1225 Words

Body Detox - Three Common Mistakes To Avoid By Ntathu Allen | Submitted On March 13, 2012 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Ntathu Allen If you are feeling sluggish and in need of an energy boost, then a body detox is often a good way to cleanse and energise your system. As a yoga teacher, students often share that they started a detox yet for various reasons, failed to complete the required days. So, to avoid falling into this trap, here are the top three common mistakes students make when on a detox and, suggestions how you can use to avoid making these mistakes which will help you stick to your detox programme. When Was Your Last Body MOT? Your body is a marvellous piece of machinery, yet it is so easy to take the body for granted and not realise how important it is to give it a cleanse and service. You wash and condition your hair, cleanse your face, steam clean your oven, take your car in for a yearly MOT and regular service, yet when it comes to your inner body, it gets a poor deal. When did you last have a whole body MOT? Your lymph system and liver do an excellent job but the environment we live in and quality of foods eaten means the body is oftenShow MoreRelatedBad Science, By Ben Goldacre1920 Words   |  8 PagesBen Goldacre, the author of Bad Science, begins dismantling scientific claims with the notion of detox. Goldacre argues that the idea of a â€Å"detox† does not exist, specifically not in a medical textbook (Goldacre, 11). It is rather a whole new physiological process that is created by marketers, lifestyle gurus, and alternative therapists. 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Pills areRead MoreEffects Of Alcoholism On The American Medical Association1016 Words   |  5 Pages Assignment: Literature review Topic: Addiction to alcohol Instructor: Vanda Wark Literature Review Definition of alcoholism: According to the American medical association alcoholism is a chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial and environmental factors influencing development and manifestations. Alcoholism has had a tremendous impact on the human condition and its relationship to society. The evolution of alcoholism, its behavior and quality of life impact will be addressed; as wellRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Body Shop1780 Words   |  8 PagesMuch of the drive of The Body Shop comes from its values system, and is summarized in the Values Report. The company believes it has a moral responsibility to be open and honest about what it does, and face up things which need to be improved. 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And it is not guns, Adams discovered over the last 20 years, mass shootings suicide and in isolated shootings the one thing that has been found in the majority of the cases the perpetratorRead MoreThe Opioid Crisis And Communities Nationwide3993 Words   |  16 Pagesuser’s self-efficacy by increasing calmness and physical relaxation. Mediation will improve psychological balance, coping with illness, and enhancing overall health and well-being. The practices of mind and body focus the interactions among the brain, body, behavior, and spiritual energy. Part II Body of the paper Psychologist Albert Bandura defined self-efficacy  as being one s belief in one s ability to be successful in specific circumstances or to achieve a certain task. An individual’s sense of  self-efficacyRead MoreResearch Assignment . 15. Alyssa Swartz. May 2, 2017. Criminal3997 Words   |  16 Pagesuser’s self-efficacy by increasing calmness and physical relaxation. Mediation will improve psychological balance, coping with illness, and enhancing overall health and well-being. The practices of mind and body focus the interactions among the brain, body, behavior, and spiritual energy. Part II Body of the paper Psychologist Albert Bandura defined self-efficacy  as being one s belief in one s ability to be successful in specific circumstances or to achieve a certain task. An individual’s sense of  self-efficacyRead MoreSugar s Effect On The Brain Essay2364 Words   |  10 Pagesso they need a steady supply of glucose. More than 20% of the body s daily energy intake is used by the brain(â€Å"How Does the Brain Use Food as Energy?†). Moderate glucose is not really the problem for hurting the brain it actually fuels it. However, fructose on the other hand is damaging. Fructose is also a simple sugar but the difference is that it can only be metabolized by liver cells for energy. This means it takes longer for the body to use fructose than glucose. Elevated blood fructose leads

HRM Issues

Question: Critically analyse trends and issues in HRM in modern organisations, and to identify how and why the organisation can benefit from applying best practice standards both financially and non-financially, taking into account stakeholder concerns. Answer: Introduction Team work is a very effective way of dealing with a task. Cooperation and coordination among the members in a team oust the best result which a person cannot bring out individually. Efficient team working among the students is the best way to mutually analyse, understand and deal with a case study. Stages of team work Functioning of a team requires some time. A team has to go through certain stages before it can be expected to deliver its best. The stages through which a team goes before functioning properly and cooperatively are as follows: Forming: This is the first stage in which the students gather together and understand their tasks and role in the team. Storming: This stage is an important stage in which the ideas emerge from the students minds. Students often come out with different ideas and in this stage there is a high possibility of conflicts and differences among the students. In this stage the students mutually eliminate the differences and agree on concurring suggestions. Norming: In this stage the students divide among themselves the mutually agreed roles each has to perform while working in the team. They also decide upon what should be done and how it is to be done. Performing: In this stage the students perform their roles efficiently and finally come out with positive outcomes through coordinate team working (Redick et al. 2014). Skills required for a team work The skills required for performing well through a team work are as follows: Openness: The students need to come out openly and communicate their ideas, doubts and clarifications openly and frankly. Once the students are able to overcome their hesitation to speak in front of their team members, they will be able to develop a good understanding among themselves which eventually will reflect in their results (Dietz et al. 2014). Honesty: Honesty is an important aspect of team working. The honesty of the members in a team helps to build a trust and belief among the team members and consequently they are able to perform better (Amos and Klimoski 2014). Support: Members may find it difficult to perform their individual roles while working in a group. Support from the other team members is essential to boost the performance of each other (Amos and Klimoski 2014). Respect: Respect towards each other is very important to carry on the team work. Disrespect towards a member brings down his morale and eventually leads him to take an exit from the group (Dietz et al. 2014). In the given case study relating to the Royal Thai Hotel, the students have formed into groups and undertaken their tasks in a well organised and systematic manner. The case involved a detailed study about the managerial functioning of the Royal Thai Hotel. Though the students have been able to come out with positive solutions regarding the questions related to the case study but the method of team work has suffered from certain shortcomings as well. Shortcomings of team work Domination by certain team members: Often certain members tend to dominate others in a group with their voice and ideas. The dominating members expect other to work in way according to their wants and wishes. This creates a situation where the other members do their tasks unwillingly and they fail to show their creativity and innovation. Eventually it has a negative impact on the result. Domination can never be entertained in a team as all team members are equal and they are ought to be treated equally. A good leader never dominates the other members but he is mostly soft spoken and give full liberty and opportunity to others to show their innovation and creativity (Janssens and Zanoni 2014). Unequal participation: Equal participation by all members and equivalent level of dedication is mandatory for successful team work. The total burden of team work cannot be imposed upon few members and all of them are ought to share equal responsibility while working in a team. The reluctance of few members in a team may affect efficient team working and ultimately leads to negative outcomes (Tausczik and Pennebaker 2013). Inability to solve clash of ideas: Sometimes a member tends to outshine the rest and in the process end up attempting to lead all others to follow his ideas. The other working in the team may not welcome such attitude and ultimately it leads to clash of ideas. This creates a disharmony among the members and the members seem divided and separated from each other. In very unfortunate cases it may also lead to create some personal conflicts among the members. This is the worst thing that can happen in a team and it completely defeats the purpose for which the test was created in the first place (Sharma 2015). Blame game: While working in team a situation may come when things may get wrong. In such situation members tend to blame each other for the fault rather than finding out a mutual solution. These circumstances deteriorate the team value and members may also end up fighting with each other and denies to further work in the team (Maxwell 2013). Egoistic approach: While working in a team one has to leave his ego behind. It cannot be expected that an idea emerging from a members mind will be accepted by all. More ideas emerge with the inclusion of more members in a team. Listening to everyones ideas is essential for carrying out the team work. But the one with egos tend not to welcome the ideas of others and this cause problem. It breaks the coordination in the team and consequently the team faisl to achieve the end for which it was formed (Li et al. 2014). Recommendation Guide for every teams: There has to be a guide for every team who would solve the inner conflicts and grudges among the members in a team. Whenever a situation arise where members feel separated or disconnected from each other, it shall be the responsibility of the guide to immediately call a meeting and address all the issues of the members so that a common solution may be found. The guide needs to act impartially and give equal opportunities to all of being heard. This would decrease quarrels among the members and lead to a better team work. Inclusion of less members in a team: Team should be composed of less members. This would lessen the number of ideas emerging from the team members and eventually there would be less possibility of clash among the members. In a team with less members, all would be able to work more efficiently because they would be aware of the fact that the roles which have assigned to them have to be done by them only. Inclusion of more members in a team make some members reluctant and less hard working because they form a belief that if they do not perform their roles, the same roles would be performed by someone else in the team. Therefore less members in a team would obviously persuade the members to undertake their tasks more seriously and efficiently (Belbin 2012). Need of a good team leader Team leader has to play a vital role for proper functioning of the team and leading the members towards yielding a good result. The success or failure of a team depends on the kind of team leader it has. A good team leader bears responsibility for the direct outcome of a team effort, he motivates his members for giving their best efforts. He stands by the members and inspires them to work with utmost sincerity and dedication. If any conflict arises between two members, a good team leader reconciles the issue and restore peace in the team. Without a good team leader, good performance of a team is not expectable (Schaubroeck et al. 2016). Proper Division of work The members in a team need to maintain a healthy relationship with each other. Team effort bring colour only when everyone works together. A single member cannot do the work entirely. The members in a team need to share responsibilities among themselves. A proper planning and a proper division of work would undoubtedly yield the best result. For that purpose it is important to identify the strength and weakness of each member. Once the work is divided and the members are given their responsibilities, it becomes easier for them to perform their respective parts and come out with positive outcome (Belbin 2012). Conclusion Team work is the best way to perform a given task. A group has the potential to accomplish more than what an individual alone can accomplish. Team work also helps to save time, since a team performs work more quickly than an individual takes in doing the same work. In a team work, more thoughtful ideas come from the minds of different members which consequently produces a better quality of work. When a team of students undertakes a case study, different students apply their different minds and view the case from different angles. It helps in understanding all aspects of the case study and eventually the students come out with effective solution. But there are some negative aspects of team work as well such as conflicts among the members and unequal participation by the members. The need of a good team leader and proper division of work would definitely combat such challenges and help the team to come out with effective results. References: Amos, B. and Klimoski, R.J., 2014. Courage Making Teamwork Work Well.Group Organization Management,39(1), pp.110-128. Belbin, R.M., 2012.Team roles at work. Routledge. Boud, D., Cohen, R. and Sampson, J. eds., 2014.Peer learning in higher education: Learning from and with each other. Routledge. Costa, P.L., Passos, A.M. and Bakker, A.B., 2014. Team work engagement: A model of emergence.Journal of occupational and organizational psychology,87(2), pp.414-436. Dietz, A.S., Pronovost, P.J., Mendez-Tellez, P.A., Wyskiel, R., Marsteller, J.A., Thompson, D.A. and Rosen, M.A., 2014. A systematic review of teamwork in the intensive care unit: What do we know about teamwork, team tasks, and improvement strategies?.Journal of critical care,29(6), pp.908-914. Janssens, M. and Zanoni, P., 2014. Alternative diversity management: Organizational practices fostering ethnic equality at work.Scandinavian Journal of Management,30(3), pp.317-331. Li, N., Kirkman, B.L. and Porter, C.O., 2014. Toward a model of work team altruism.Academy of Management Review,39(4), pp.541-565. Nancarrow, S.A., Booth, A., Ariss, S., Smith, T., Enderby, P. and Roots, A., 2013. Ten principles of good interdisciplinary team work.Hum Resour Health,11(1), p.19. Redick, A., Reyna, I., Schaffer, C. and Toomey, D., 2014. Four-factor model for effective project leadership competency.Journal of Information Technology and Economic Development,5(1), p.53. Schaubroeck, J., Carmeli, A., Bhatia, S. and Paz, E., 2016. Enabling team learning when members are prone to contentious communication: The role of team leader coaching.Human Relations, p.0018726715622673. Sharma, R., 2015. TEAM CONFLICT: IMPACT AND RESOLUTION FOR ENHANCING SUCCESS OF ORGANIZATION.Journal Impact Factor,6(1), pp.733-739. Tausczik, Y.R. and Pennebaker, J.W., 2013, April. Improving teamwork using real-time language feedback. InProceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems(pp. 459-468). ACM.

The Love Canal Tragedy and Hooker Chemical and Plastics Corporation

Introduction The Love Canal is named after William T. Love, the man who envisioned the idea of creating an 11-km canal between the two sections of the Niagara River to produce electricity for powering his planned city in the 1890s. However, his plan failed and the pit filled with water over the years.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Love Canal Tragedy and Hooker Chemical and Plastics Corporation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In 1940, Hooker Chemical and Plastics Corporation purchased the land for use in disposing chemicals. Nearly a decade later, the company had disposed more than 22,000 tons of toxic wastes, and the Love Canal was almost full. The land was later used to build schools and residential homes, and soon, residents started reporting strange odors and the presence of heavy metals. In 1976, heavy rains caused a large amount of chemicals to move to the surface, contaminating the whole area. In the years that followed, the area reported abnormally high rates of stillbirths and miscarriages, and a similar number of babies born with defects. Eventually in 1978, more than 1,000 families were evacuated from the area, and an EPA study found out that of the 36 people tested, 11 had deformed chromosomes, and that of 15 babies born in the area between 1970 and 1980, just 2 were well. In the early morning of August 19, 2006, residents of Abidjan city of Ivory Coast observed trucks with freshly painted logo dumping liquid wastes at various locations within the city, this went on for more than three weeks. A few weeks later, several residents began reporting a fowl smell, and tens of people were said to have died. After several investigations by foreign journalists and the Ivorian government agencies, it was discovered that a Dutch company, Trafigura, had contracted a ship to dispose chemical wastes from its plants in Ivory Coast. The wastes consisted of over 500 tons of a mixture of fu el, caustic soda (Sodium hydroxide), hydrogen sulfide and phenols that Trafigura had failed to dispose in the Netherlands due to high costs. The waste had come from the process of stripping coker gasoline to obtain naphtha. The company had then contracted a ship, Probo Koala, to deliver the wastes in Abidjan, and collaborated with a local company to dispose the wastes throughout Abidjan. The disposal is estimated to have caused the deaths of more than 17 people while close to 40,000 suffered various illnesses after inhaling the harmful gases released by the wastes. Parties Involved Hooker Chemical factory was solely responsible for the Love Canal Tragedy, however, the government was also responsible for failing to carry out conclusive studies on the long-term effects of the wastes on the area as had been done by Dr. Robert Mobbs. Dr. Mobbs had investigated the relation between insecticides and cancer and made his reports public, but the government failed to take it up. Eventually, m illions or dollars were used to clean up the area, with Hooker Company contributing almost $130 million and the rest by the government.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the Ivorian case, Trafigura was at fault, however, the Dutch government through the port of Amsterdam was also at fault for allowing Trafigura to move the waste back into the Probo Koala after realizing that the disposal fee was too high. Eventually, the Ivorian government and Trafigura paid for the victims’ hospital bills, the clean up exercise and other related expenses. The ‘Superfund’ was created in 1980 to collect funds from gas and chemical companies for use in clean-up processes identical to the Love Canal. A second legislation, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) was passed in 1976 in the US to monitor the disposal of solid wastes and toxic wastes. Superfund is i mplemented under the EPA and has been successful in cases such as the Kaiser Aluminum Chemical Corporation v. Catellus Development Corporation and Kaiser Ganton Technologies v. Quadion Corporation in California (1992) and Illinois (1993) respectively (Zoltowski, 1998). The RCRA has monitored waste disposal in areas such as in the Clean Harbors Environmental Services, Inc. incinerator near Kimball, Nebraska. The Basel Convention failed in Ivory Coast since Trafigura failed to disclose the contents of what it was carrying to port officials, besides, it worked in secrecy with an Ivorian company, Compagnie Tommy, to dispose the wastes in Abidjan without anyone’s knowledge. Corruption must have played a role too. The desire to build more schools and residential areas instigated the Love Canal tragedy. Later, Lois Gibbs, a woman whose family had been affected by the harmful wastes mobilized the Love Canal community and led a campaign to draw the government’s attention to th e matter. This led to the closure of the school. Further studies by the EPA and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry put pressure on the government and Hooker Corporation to act appropriately. Finally, people were moved out of the area and the company and the government worked together in the clean-up exercise and compensation. The Ivorian scenario also had its own set of pressures, mainly from media companies, but beginning with the company’s desire to make huge profits. Trafigura’s actions were exposed by a host of journalists, among them David Leigh (The Guardian), Meirion Jones and Liz Mackean (BBC Newsnight). The Ivorian public also protested, amidst mass resignations of top government officials. Further pressure came from the Dutch Parliament and the High Court in London, which filed a  £ 100 million lawsuit, eventually, after much denial, Trafigura paid a  £ 100 million for clean up and a further  £ 46 million to people who were affected. Trafigura vehemently denied ever depositing toxic substances, instead insisting that the waste was from the regular washing of the ship’s tank and could not cause human deaths in any way. The company only agreed to pay for the clean up and compensation due to pressure from media stations, the Dutch Parliament, and the arrest of its executives in Ivory Coast. Occidental also denied any involvement in the disaster, but eventually paid the settlement and clean-up fees. Hooker Corporation did not know the long-term effects of their actions while Trafigura knew the effects of their waste and engaged in unethical practices. I would choose to invest my money in Hooker Corporation. Environmental Justice is â€Å"the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, sex, national origin, or income with respect to the development, implementation and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies† (Miller Tyler, 2003). Trafigura f louted this concept since they opted to dispose their wastes without involving all people of Ivory Coast. Source reduction refers to any alteration in the planning, manufacture, acquisition, or use of objects or products to lower their levels of toxicity before they become municipal waste. Companies can reduce the toxic nature of their wastes by adding certain chemicals to the wastes to react with the toxic elements, or to pass the wastes through chemical processes that lower their toxicity, e.g. heating under very high temperatures to break down harmful compounds. Some companies have adopted industrial processes that produce very little toxic wastes while some recycle their wastes. References Miller, Jr., and Tyler, G. (2003). Environmental Science: Working With the Earth (9th Ed.). California: Brooks/ Cole. Zoltowski, C. (1998). Superfund Liability: Is it too strict? VA: National Society of Professional Engineers. This essay on The Love Canal Tragedy and Hooker Chemical and Plastics Corporation was written and submitted by user Kaylyn Martin to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.