Export project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Export project - Essay Example Some of the trade organizations that have been negotiated that are continuing to make this big world look like a village market is; WTO- World Trade Organization, while others that are more regional are; North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), East Africa community, and many others. There are still negotiations to form more trade agreements and or realign the existing ones to be in line with the dynamic world trade requirements. Majorly, trade agreements are formed with the aim of reduce the trade barriers amongst the signatories like doing away of Quotas, excise duties and or subsidies. This is especially true considering the fact that different nationalities or regions separated by physical, economical and or socio-cultural boundaries represents the different business environment. This is majorly due to the culture difference among the countries yet the same is most held dear by the parties. It is, however, very obvious that with globalization, different cultures will meet, mix and yield an environment favorable or unfavorable for trade. This together with language barrier, distance, foreign policies make export trade difficult requiring a knowledge of all the above factors and, in addition, setting up a clear distribution chain that can help cheese product move around in the foreign country easily. When deciding to settle on a given international marketing strategy, some of the issues that should be seriously taken into consideration is the difference in culture as this may impact the consumer shopping nature (Subrammanian & Bala, 2001). The same sentiments were echoed by Herman and Heitman when he agreed to many researchers view that cultural differences may contribute to different customer reaction to a product in different countries (Heitman & Herman, 2006) It is for this reason that my research will focus on investigating the USA cheese export

Energy Drinks Essay Example for Free

Energy Drinks Essay Something I learned in my last Health class is the ever-increasing use of today’s new â€Å"Energy Drinks. † Caffeine is the single most used drug in America. How many of us must have that morning cup of coffee before heading out the door? How many college students are staying up late at night preparing for a mid-term or final exam by drink these new, all natural, safe, energy drinks? You may want to read their labels and adjust your thinking. You may want to include a little research in regards to these drinks. At this time there is no long-term research to report on in regards to energy drinks. What we do know is that these drinks have a variety of ingredients such as ginseng, amino acids, ginkgo, various vitamins, and high amounts of sugar. However, the primary active energy ingredient is caffeine. At this time, the FDA does not regulate the amounts of caffeine that are in these drinks. They suggest that within a 12-ounce beverage serving the amount of caffeine should be 68 milligrams or less. A report published by the Journal of Analytical Toxicology showed that of ten of the most popular energy drinks had as high as 141 milligrams in one 16-ounce serving. The following 12-ounce energy drinks showed, Monster at 120 milligrams, Red Bull at 116 milligrams, and Amp contained 107 milligrams of caffeine. To give a comparison, look at Coke and Pepsi. They only contain between 34 to 38 milligrams of caffeine. Energy drinks have risen significantly in popularity in the last few years with revenues exceeding $3. 5 billion a year and growing. One report states that with the new found popularity there are growing concerns of the possible health effects among children, adolescents, and young adults. It states that 30 to 50 percent of America drinks energy drinks. Of this amount they report that one third are from the ages of 12 to 24 consume these beverages on a daily basis. Due to these beverages being chilled makes them easier to consume quickly. High doses of caffeine have been linked to seizures, cardiac problems, mood or behavioral disorders, and diabetes. Additionally, these problems have been linked specifically to the consumption of energy drinks among children, teens, and young adults. There has been a growing concern amongst the medical community, parents, and school officials in regards to these energy drinks on our youth. Numerous reports are being found to the adverse affects these high caffeine drinks are responsible for. The Illinois Poison Control Center reported in a recent survey of more than 250 cases of caffeine overdose in a three-year period. The average age of these accounts was 21. A doctor from California reports that an eighteen year young man received treatment for an abnormal heart rhythm after consuming eight 16-ounce energy drinks per evening to remain alert during his night job. Another growing concern is the use of these energy drinks as a mixer with alcohol. A study from 2006 showed that the individuals surveyed were just as impaired in motor coordination and reaction time as individuals drinking alcohol alone. As stated earlier, there is not much evidence on the effects of long-term use of caffeine on children or teenagers. It is known that it can create physiological and psychological dependence in adults. This being true, we must do everything possible to protect our children from these non-regulated beverages. We need to insist on more research to be conducted in order to better inform the public of the consequences of the consumption of these highly-caffeinated energy drinks and the adverse effects they have on our youth. (Word Count 606) Flores, D. (2011, 03 16). Health Effect of Energy Drinks on Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults, Retrieved 07 12, 2012, from ArticlesBase. com: http://www. articlesbase. com/wellness-articles/health-effects-of-energy-drinks-on-children-adolescents-and-young-adults-4423299. html.

Whether or Not Macbeth is Deserving of Pity in Shakespeares Play Macbe

In the last scene of â€Å"Macbeth†, Malcolm describes Macbeth as â€Å"this dead butcher† which could be argued is the best way to sum up Macbeth’s character. The word â€Å"butcher† implies slaughter and brutality. Macbeth is certainly guilty of butchery, the cruel, senseless killing of people. Malcolm uses the word â€Å"butcher† to provoke appalling memories of Macbeth’s deeds from the audience. But could Macbeth’s behavior ever be justified? Could Macbeth ever be pitied or even excused for the actions he took? Shakespeare chooses to have Malcolm describe Macbeth as â€Å"this dead butcher† for a reason. Clearly, Malcolm loathes Macbeth for killing his father and so his choice of language, such as â€Å"butcher†, will be biased. This will also sway the audience to dislike Macbeth, because Malcolm is the hero by saving Scotland. The audience would have wanted to be on the winning side, witch is undoubtedly Malcolm‘s. At this point in the play, I don’t think Shakespeare intended the audience to pity or excuse Macbeths deeds. At the beginning of the play, Macbeth started as a well-respected thane but as he rose to power, became a guilty murderer. However, Macbeth was influenced and tricked by many others in the play and I will explain why a case could therefore be made to defend him. The three witches, or the weird sisters, approach Macbeth on a dark day in a Scottish moor. Shakespeare uses the weather to suggest that the witches are evil. The scene, with thunder and lightening, reflects the witches thoughts- which are intent on creating trouble and stirring things up. The weather also predicts a stormy future for Macbeth. The setting, â€Å"A desolate place† immediately sounds eerie and spooky. This shows that the Witches plan to manipulate Macbeth from th... ...r all he has done. I feel strongly that we are meant to feel pity for Macbeth at the end of the play. I believe that the Shakespearian audience would not have excused Macbeth for the murder of the Macduffs but perhaps for the murder of banquoe, because it was torture for Macbeth to think becoming king was all for nothing if Banquo’s offspring succeeded the throne after himself. I do not think the audience are meant to regard Macbeth as just a â€Å"butcherâ€Å", because of the shame Macbeth clearly feels at the end. Although Macbeth is guilty of the deception of his best friend, his king, as well as his subjects, he can be excused because he was manipulated by many others in the play such as his wife and the witches. I feel that the actual play Macbeth is quite relevant for the 21st centaury. The moral is still significant today. The themes in Macbeth are relevant too.

Consumer Behavior Audit: Proactiv Solutions by Amanda Huigens Essay

A.External influences 1.Are there cultures or subcultures whose value system is particularly consistent (or inconsistent) with the consumption of our product? The overall value system for the western culture, which is the dominant culture in the Unites States, is consistent with the consumption of Proactiv Solutions. The consumption of personal care products and services across different subcultures, such as class, race, and occupation, varies from being fairly equivalent to showing significant discrepancies. However, consumption of these products and services is evident in all subcultures, confirming that they are consistent with each subcultures value systems. 2.Is the product appropriate for male and female consumption? Will ongoing gender-role changes, affect who consumes our product or how it is consumed? Proactiv Solutions is appropriate for both male and female consumption. The current ongoing gender-role is for females to be the main purchasers and consumers of personal care products. This gender-role is constantly changing so that males are now more included in these purchases and the consumption of them. Both males and females currently consume Proactiv Solutions products. 3.Do ethics, social, regional, or religious subcultures have different consumption patterns relevant to our product? Regional and social subcultures have fairly equivalent consumption patterns. Some social subcultures may use different forms of personal care products, such as all natural ingredients or home-made products. They may also use different personal care services, or professional treatment, such as microdermabrasion, acupuncture, or hot rocks therapy. These different products or services may be used simultaneously with Proactiv Solutions depending on consumer want and need preferences. 4.Do various demographic or social-strata groups (age, gender, urban/suburban/rural, occupational, income, education) differ in their consumption of this product? Consumption among regions and among racial groups does not vary significantly. The social-strata groups that do vary in consumption include age, occupation, income class, and education. According to the US Consumer Expenditure Survey, the consumption of personal care products and services peaks between the ages of 35-54. Any age groups above or below this range consume less, with consumers under 25 years spending less. The only observation that differs from this data is that most of Proactiv Solutions consumers are under 25 years of age, meaning that older consumers may take part in the purchase process. Education, occupation, and income class social-strata groups go hand-in-hand as far as consumption of personal care products and services go. Consumers that are college graduates (four years or more) spend and average of $805 per consumer unit. Consumers with less than a four year degree only spend and average of $439 per consumer unit. The professional occupation subculture averages $753 spent on personal care products and services per consumer unit. All other occupations spend under $562 per consumer unit. Finally, income classes earning above $100,000 spend on average $868 and above per consumer unit, while lower income classes spend $761 and less. 5.Is this product particularly appropriate for consumers with relatively high (or low) incomes compared to others in their occupational group (ROCI)? Although the consumption patterns may be different for these groups, Proactiv Solutions is appropriate for all income levels and all occupations. 6.Can this product be particularly appropriate for specific roles, such as students or professional women? Although professional men and women may be more likely to consume Proactiv Solutions, this product is appropriate for all roles. 7.Would it be useful to focus on specific adopter categories? By focusing on innovators and early adopters, Proactiv Solutions will be able to develop a client base. These adopter categories tend to influence the other adopter categories, so consumers in these other categories may eventually purchase Proactiv Solutions. 8.Do groups in different stages of the household life cycle have different consumption patterns for this product? Who in the household is involved in the purchase process? Because acne may affect consumers of any age, all consumers may use Proactive Solutions. Younger age groups, especially teens, are more prone to acne, so their consumption patterns are noticeably higher. The influencers, deciders, buyers, and users are typically involved in the purchase process. Sometimes a consumer may be all of these roles, in which case they have complete control in the purchase process. In other cases, such as an unemployed teenager needing to treat acne, the roles may be different. In this example, the teenager would be the influencer and user, while the parents would be the deciders and buyers. B.Internal influences 1.Can this product satisfy different needs or motives in different people? What needs are involved? What characterizes individuals with differing motives? Yes. Some consumers may use Proactiv Solutions to improve their image, while others are more concerned about the health of their skin. For example, consumers in professional occupations or consumers that are trying to impress a member of the opposite sex may be most concerned about their image. Consumers who want to maintain young and healthy skin would be most concerned about taking care of their skin. 2.Is this product uniquely suited for particular personality types? Self-concepts? Proactiv Solutions is suited for all personality types (using Myers-Briggs personality types and Kiersey Temperaments). However, some personalities, such as Artisians, may be more likely to pay attention to their skin care. Consumers who take interest in the health or look of their skin or who believe that maintaining healthy skin is vital to their self-concept may be more likely to consume this product. 3.What emotions, if any, are affected by the purchase and/or consumption of this product? Knowing that they are improving the look and feel of their skin by using Proactiv Solutions makes consumers happy. This may also boost their self-esteem and confidence. 4.Is this product uniquely suited for one or more distinct lifestyles? Proactiv is suited best for consumers that allow for the inclusion of a routine skin care regimen. In order for Proactiv to work effectively, consistent use of the product is vital. 5.Do different groups have different attitudes about an ideal version of our product? Yes. Some consumers would prefer to see Proactiv Solutions offered in stores so that they can physically see it and/or buy it without the hassle of ordering it and having strings attached. (When you order Proactiv Solutions, your order is automatically sent to you on a regular basis.) Other consumers may not trust the quality of Proactiv Solutions because it is marketed using infomercials. C.Situational influences 1.Can this product be appropriate for specific types of situations instead of (or in additional to) specific types of people? Yes. Consumers who have a doctor recommendation to seek treatment for their skin in order to improve its condition or relieve pain may have more reason to use Proactiv Solutions. D.Decision process influences 1.Do different individuals use different evaluative criteria in selecting the product? Yes. Consumers, such as unemployed teenagers, who do not have to pay for the product are going to be more concerned about the outcome, the brand image, and the affects of being associated with that product. Consumers who are a part of the purchase process, in particular the payment part, are going to be concerned mainly with the price, but also with the brand image and the outcome. 2.Do potential customers differ in their loyalty to existing products/brands? Some consumers are very loyal to the brands that they currently use. Others may be open to trying something new. Reasons for being loyal include satisfaction with price, quality, and results. Consumers who are willing to try new products may have been unhappy with previous products or else they just might like to use the newest innovations in personal care products.

Don Quixote Essay

Fiction and Metafiction in Borge’s Ficciones and Cervantes’ Don Quixote dela Mancha Unbelievable and amazing may perhaps best describe the literature that the world has as of the moment. It is unbelievable because who would have thought that the wide spectrum of literary works would be so great in number? At the same time, it is amazing as the progress and history which literature has gone through are truly marvelous. The literary works which are within humanity’s reach are incomparable to what people back then had. The literary works of the moment which are within humanity’s reach is a compilation of history, art, language, the sciences, and politics of every generation, culture, and nation. Truly, literature has such a monumental scope within its pages that sometimes, a person may be lost with so many things literature has to offer. Literature is both fact and fiction and is inspired both by history and creative imagination. The elements within literature are all reflections of the realities of society, but these things can still be considered as fictional—after all, fact is fact and pure truth—nothing more. But what if something fictional seems so real that it seems to be factual and true? What if a person or a character which is just imagined seems to be a real person of this world? What if the line between reality and imagined is confusing and seems to be separated by nothing at all? Two authors by the name of Jorge Luis Borges and Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra are the answers to such questions. Saavedra who wrote (or â€Å"supposedly re-wrote) the famous adventure of Don Quixote dela Mancha and Jorge Luis Borges who wrote the seventeen literary pieces contained within Ficciones are fictional writers. When a person talks about fiction, it usually pertains to one thing—created by the imagination. Thus, it means that any work of fiction is merely invented by any person and that any fictional work is not true, is false, and can never be a fact. Yet, Saavedra and Borges have created literary works which are fictional but they seem so real and true that a person is left to believe that they are indeed the truth—metafiction. Metafiction, according to Patricia Waugh, is â€Å"a term given to fictional writing which self-consciously and systematically draws attention to its status as an artifact in order to pose questions about the relationship between fiction and reality† (qtd. in Liu). Thus, metafiction is indeed fictional and from the imagination, and it aims to confuse readers about what is real and what is merely created by a person. How does a person achieve this? Again, according to Patricia Waugh, â€Å"such writings not only examine the fundamental structures of narrative fiction, they also explore the possible fictionality of the world outside the literary fictional text† (qtd. in Liu). Thus, an author creates a fictional world and creates another fictional world within the already imagined world—creating a metafictional world. In Borges’ Ficciones and Saavedra’s Don Quixote dela Mancha—this metafictional world is truly what they have conjured up. Ficciones is a book which contains seventeen fictional literary pieces that seem to be real. Each piece has its own world, own elements of characters, settings, and even at some point, its own mind and language. There are pieces such as the Library of Babel that appears to be real and true that a reader also wants to believe that such place is true. In that particular piece (from Part One of the book), Borges describes a library in length and in awe. The whole thing seems to be an introduction to a novel of some sort, and yet at the same time, it also seems to come from a real book full of factual evidences that such a library exists. In the following excerpt, Borges describes the library and the people who are fascinated with it: â€Å"When it was proclaimed that the Library comprised all books, the first impression was one of extravagant joy. All men felt themselves of a secret, intact treasure. The universe was justified, the universe suddenly expanded to the limitless dimensions of hope† (83). However, further in the Library of Babel, Borges even talks of mystical books such as the Vindications which are â€Å"books of apology and prophesy which vindicated for all time the actions of every man in the world and established a store of prodigious arcana for the future† (83). What Borges has created is a fictional world, but a reader may find that world to be so palpable and genuine that it appears to be impossible that it is just imagined. The same conclusion can be given to Saavedra and his work on Don Quixote dela Mancha. In Saavedra’s work, the book is divided into two parts—one is the tale or adventure itself of Don Quixote and the second part is the metafictional work wherein the author talks directly to the readers and even to the characters that they all seem to be real people when clearly, they are all imagined. The ridiculous adventure of Don Quixote and his â€Å"squire† Sancho Panza is so preposterous (as with the example of the enchanted peasant girl or the basin turned into a knight’s helmet), far-fetched, and humorous that a person will not for a second think that the entire tale is true. However, when Saavedra writes the second part of the book, doubts and hesitations replace the earlier convictions. For example, in the first part, Saavedra writes about a Dulcinea who was believed by Don Quixote to be a princess in disguise of a peasant girl when in fact, she really is a peasant girl. Later on though, Saavedra explains this turn of events in Don Quixote’s life: â€Å"I have reason to think that Sancho’s artifice to deceive his mater, and make him believe the peasant girl to be Dulcinea enchanted, was in fact, all a contrivance of some one of the magicians who persecute Don Quixote†¦ † (369). Therefore, Saavedra has created two worlds—one that is entirely fictional wherein the character of Don Quixote resides, and the other is metaficitonal wherein the character of Don Quixote does reside still but which it is explained why he has such ridiculous notions of chivalry and enchantments. In conclusion, though metafiction may seem to be such a complex and wondrous thing, it cannot exist without a person knowing first what is fictional. Metafiction exists in the world of fiction—a person cannot write or create a metafictional world without going into a fictional one. That is like a person wanting to break the rules without knowing what were the rules in the first place. Literature is truly complex but at the same time unbelievable and amazing—Saavedra and Borges can attest to that. Works Cited Borges, Jorge Luis. Ficciones. New York: Grove Press, 1962. Saavedra, Miguel de Cervantes. Don Quixote dela Mancha. New York: Penguin Group Incorporated, 1957. Lui, Kate. â€Å"Theories of Metafiction. † Postmodern Theories and Texts. 1998. Department of English Language and Literature, Fu Jen University. 4 Aug. 2009.

Tips to Write a Great Letter to the Editor

Tips to Write a Great Letter to the Editor Since the earliest days of newspaper and magazine publishing, community members  have written letters to publication  editors as a way to respond to stories theyve read. These letters could range  in topics from heartwarming human interest notes, to comments about publication design,  to the more common (and sometimes  passionate) political rants. As more and more of our publications have gone entirely online, the art of writing well-researched, well-constructed letters has dwindled. But letters to editors are still appearing in many publications, and teachers find that assigning this type of letter is useful in developing many skills. Teachers could use this exercise to encourage student participation in political discourse, or they may find this exercise valuable as a tool for developing logical  argument essays. Whether youre responding to a class requirement, or youre  motivated by a passionate point of view, you can use these guidelines to draft a letter to the editor of a newspaper or magazine. Difficulty: Hard Time Required: Three drafts What You Need Newspaper or magazineComputer/laptop or paper and penA strong point of view Writing a Letter to the Editor Select a topic or a publication. If you are writing because youve been instructed to do so in a class assignment, you should start by reading a publication that is likely to contain articles that interest you. It is a good idea to read your local newspaper to look for local and current events that matter to you. You may also choose to look at magazines that contain articles that interest you. Fashion magazines, science magazines, and entertainment publications all contain letters from readers.Read the instructions provided. Most publications provide guidelines for letters to the editor. Look over the first few pages of your publication for a set of suggestions and guidelines and follow them carefully.Include your name, address, email address, and phone number at the top of your letter. Editors often require this information because they will need to verify your identity. You can state that this information is not to be published. If you are responding to an article or letter, say so right away. Name the article in the first sentence of the body of your letter. Be concise and focused. Write your letter in pithy, clever statements, but remember that this is not easy to do! You will probably need to write several drafts of your letter to condense your message.Limit your writing to two or three paragraphs. Try sticking to the following format:In your first paragraph, introduce your problem and sum up your objection.In the second paragraph, include a few sentences to support your view.End with a great summary and a clever, punchy line.Proofread. Editors will ignore letters that contain bad grammar and poorly-written rants.Submit your letter by email if the publication allows it. This format enables the editor to cut and paste. Tips If youre responding to an article youve read, be prompt. Dont wait or your topic will be old news.Remember that the more popular and widely-read publications receive hundreds of letters. You have a better chance of getting your letter published in a smaller publication.If you dont want your name to be published, state so clearly. You can put any direction or request like this in a separate paragraph. For example, you can simply put Please note: I do not want my full name to be published with this letter. If you are a minor, inform the editor of this as well.Since your letter may be edited, you should get to the point early. Dont bury your point inside a lengthy argument. Dont appear to be overly emotional. You can avoid this by limiting your exclamation points. Also, avoid insulting language.Remember that short, concise letters sound confident. Long, wordy letters give the impression that youre trying too hard to make a point.

Read Chapter Three Again Of The Great Gatsby Essays

Read Chapter Three Again Of The Great Gatsby Essays Read Chapter Three Again Of The Great Gatsby Paper Read Chapter Three Again Of The Great Gatsby Paper Essay Topic: The Great Gatsby We often see this technique when Nick refers to Gatsby, especially in this sentence: By seven oclock the orchestra has arrived, no thin five-piece affair, but a whole pitiful Of oboes ND trombones and saxophones and viols and cornets and piccolos, and low and high drums. Fitzgerald could have just used commas, but the and is significant as it displays the wasteful extravagant life Gatsby leads and all the materialistic items he has. It is endless and on-going suggesting is money is eternal and that there is more to be seen of what his money can buy. Calceolaria is the meaningless repetition of another persons spoken words as a symptom of psychiatric disorder. In this context, its the uncontrollable repetition of voices and rumors. I think he killed a man and he told me once he was an Oxford man implies that there is a mystery to Gatsby, as no one seems to know who he actually is and what he does. These rumors, in fact, create a status to which the reader presumes Gatsby is of. Throughout this chapter, there is a lot of speculation about Gatsby and who he could be. Somebody told me they thought he killed a man once, he was a German spy during the waif and someone even knew all about him. All this gossip conjures curiosity about Gatsby and forces the reader to want to know who Gatsby is and where he is. Gatsby is also show to be an object of nuance, along with speculation; there were whispers about him from those who had found little that it was necessary to whisper in this world. Not only is the word whisper mystical, the allite ration of the letter w creates a soft and majestic tone and creates a mystery towards Gatsby which only reading on can revel. At the beginning of the chapter, we can see the enormity of Gatsby wealth by the use of possessive pronouns. Gatsby has: blue gardens, a raff filled with guests, a beach, motor-boats, a Rolls-Royce and a station wagon. These items are all his. This effect exemplifies Gatsby excessive lifestyle. Because it is used at the beginning of the chapter, we are introduced into a pleasurable lifestyle, drinking champagne and partying everyday. There is no substance of character in this life, which perhaps represents America in the nineteen twenties to be a sham. The letter is repeated at the start of the chapter. For example: Gatsby, garden, garnished, glistening, gold, gins and guests. This creates an effect of harsh metallic gold clanging together. This illustrates how overwhelmingly wealthy Gatsby is and symbolizes the exclusive wealth Gatsby holds. The chapter, as weve seen, starts off introducing Gatsby possessions. Nick is a retrospective writer. He often looks back at what he says and almost filters his words so he doesnt contradict that he reserves all judgment. However it is difficult to tell that Nick is an honest author, or not. Nick says looking over what have written suggests that he is particulate about his choice of words and this makes us skeptical whether we should trust or further study his reliability as an author. Nick is also satirical about the nineteen twenties. He, throughout the chapter, gives nineteen twenties excessive lifestyle a bad name. Girls in yellow suggests that they are clownish and have no sense of maturity and that the women of that time were a mumble. Therefore this implies society was all over the place and had no sense of direction or sense of maturity to even hold an intelligent conversation. As the chapter progresses, the reader sees a change in pattern. The reader sees people start weeping, the tears coursed down her cheeks showing how sad people have become at the party. To add on, fights start to break out, she ad a fight with a man who says hes her husband. We then get to see women were now having fights with men said to be their husbands. The whole party has become a mess, a disorganized, disharmonious and disillusioned mess. Gatsby has perhaps done this to show the wild excess and drunkenness at Gatsby parties, suggesting Fitzgerald wanted to give a sense of both the depravity and the hedonism of the wealthy nineteen twenties America. Theres a sharp contrast between the guests bad behavior, as seen above, and the magical surroundings, the sound of his still glowing garden. This highlights both Nick and Fitzgerald simultaneous attraction and repulsion for the era. Just before the denouement of the chapter, Jordan and Nick are in a car together and it seems that Jordan is a rotten driver. Jordan has no intention of being a responsible driver as she relies on the sensibility of surrounding drivers, It takes two to make an accident. This is a mirror image of the rich not caring for others and the irresponsibility. This car ride foreshadows the death of Myrtle later on in the novel, likewise due to the thoughtless driving of a driver. Although Jordan is uncaring for her surroundings, Nick is especially cautious at this point as he insists she ought to be more careful or she oughtnt to drive at all. Nicks reaction to Cordons careless driving is to some extent warning the reader that due to careless driving there might be an accident later on in the novel. Suppose you met somebody just as careless as yourself. Which means that the other careless person could be the woman running into the road and is murdered. When Gatsby finally meets Gatsby, time halts and a mini second becomes eternal. It is as if its love at first sight. It was one of those rare smiles with a quality of eternal reassurance in it. Gatsby smile seems to give Nick an impassioned rush. Time elongating illustrates that they are the only people in the world and in that moment. It is a romantic snippet for Nick, but the focus is more on Nick as Gatsby is Romantic mirror. He would like to see them as alike because they both seem to be isolated. Gatsby stands alone at the edge of his party. The wilder the party gets, the more Gatsby seems like an outsider. Likewise, in New York Nick suffers from a haunting loneliness. He imagines entering the lives of romantic women but never acts on his desires. Nick wants to be involved but remains an outsider. Fitzgerald has maybe done this in order to make a link between the two that they are the same man looking for the social connections and social standing of the East Egg community. But they fail at the attempt. In Conclusion, I think that Nick presents the people and party in the chapter to be a complete meltdown and a foreshadow of the awful events that are yet to come. Nick is an unreliable author and the reader needs to be aware of that and be careful Of which parts Nick says to trust.

10 Ideas to Make the Most Out of Thanksgiving Break

10 Ideas to Make the Most Out of Thanksgiving Break It’s that Thanksgiving Break time of year and you’re looking to make the most of it. You want a good spread of ideas to choose from, so here are the most popular choices among college students these days. 1. Travel to a Small Town Right, so this is probably one of the coolest ideas ever. You get a group of friends together, pool your money and travel to a small town that really takes the Thanksgiving break seriously. We’re talking snow, parades, with decorations everywhere. It can be costly for cabins and hotels, but if you know someone on campus from one of those small towns and it doesnt turn into a tourist trap, then hop on that! Some small towns out there really do things right. Everyone gets involved. The whole town makes a thing of it. 2. Round up the Family Thanksgiving Break is a time to head home and be with the family. These days it can be hard, and lots of families get spread out when the kids get into college. Plus, back home with family and familiar faces you can recharge. 3. Stay on-Campus and Sleep No one says you have to leave or get involved in any of the festivities. You can choose to just sleep all through the break and really recharge your batteries for winter quarter. Besides, the college always has something going on for the students that stick around. 4. Prepare for the Dreaded Black Friday It’s the modern consumer world and one way or another we’re all affected by the biggest shopping day of the year. Whether you take part, work in the retail/service industries, or you just like to wear sweats and watch the mayhem on Live Streams†¦prepare. 5. Eat Tons of Delicious Food Thanksgiving is about the food when you get right down to it. And, it’s everywhere if you know where to look. Eat it up! Live it up! Dig in! Sure, you might gain a pound or two, but whatever. You can always burn that off before the spring and summer anyway. Dive into the pies and hometown delicacies. Honestly, you really only do live once and Thanksgiving only comes around once a year. 6. Get Ahead on Your Studies You know what tests and classes are coming down the pike. You could invest the time in extra study or brushing up on topics that you’ll soon be tested on. Nothing wrong with that, but do keep in mind this is a holiday. 7. Go Check out a Nutcracker Show Have you ever been to a real Nutcracker show? These things are amazing! Tchaikovsky is a master. For the better ones expect to pay a decent price, but it’s easily worth it. There’s the ballet version and other kinds of musicals but the point is to go see a holiday show. And, it’s a great date idea as well. 8. Take Part in Sports Fanaticism In America, Thanksgiving Day is a mega day for football lovers. In some circles football can easily overshadow any hint of Thanksgiving. If you’re not really into sports or football has never been your thing, get into it for once! Get into the weird commercials, all the yummy football foods and jump up and down during big plays. It’s fun. Here’s the lineup according to the National Football League for 2013 Thursday, November 28th (Thanksgiving Day) Packers vs. Lions – 12:30 PM (ET) Raiders vs. Cowboys 4:30 PM (ET) Steelers vs. Ravens 8:30 PM (ET) 9. Watch Awesome Thanksgiving Day Movies It’s that time of year to watch the movies that bring us back and spread some light and easy holiday cheer. There are so many to choose from. After about twenty minutes of searching around Google for the most popular favorites, here on the ones that make it onto most Thanksgiving Day movies lists. Planes, Trains and Automobiles Dutch A Charlie Brown Thanksgiving It’s a Wonderful Life Grumpy Old Men Home for the Holidays Miracle on 34th Street Pocahontas Son in Law Garfield’s Thanksgiving 10. Take it Back to Grade School Thanksgiving is a wonderful time, along with Christmas and New Year’s, to get crafty. Go back to grade school. It’s time to cut out and color some paper turkeys. It’s time to make Christmas decorations out of popcorn. It’s time to make some caramel apples. Before you know it Thanksgiving Break is over and it’s back to the books. Might as well make the best of it, right? Hey, make sure to listen to some old classical holiday music. Have a good time and live it up. If you can, do the small town thing though because that will make for some lifelong Thanksgiving memories. Do you have any plans for the Thanksgiving break? Share your ideas in comments!

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 122

Summary - Essay Example The speech "I have a dream" is chronologically crafted through the saddening history of the black people staying and living in the US. The speech begins by identifying the African-Americans as slaves. The speech also starts by celebrating the Emancipation Proclamation that set the black Africans legally free. In his speech, Martin Luther King quickly reflects on the present times and points out that the black people are still in poverty and face injustices, segregation, and police brutality. All the vices are present despite having passed the Emancipation Proclamation 100 years ago. In his "present day" part of the speech, the King urges the people not retaliate by bitterness, physical violence and hatred while trying to solve the injustices he points out in his speech (Teaching American History n.d.). "I have a dream" part which is most famous, speech, the King hopes for a better future through quotations from the bible. American songs and the declaration of independence further reinstate his hopes for a better future that is to come. King speaks poetically and with power and gives the reflection of the country where all people are equal. The white and black people work together with equal

Need of a Salesperson to Push Products Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Need of a Salesperson to Push Products - Essay Example To attain this strategic objective, the sales team has to use a collection of promotional techniques such as publicity, advertising, and creation of sales channels that are new to both the existing and new market ventures. It is usually the duty of the salespeople to determine the needs of the customer and use his experience and professional ability to feel what the customer needs. Good salespeople are those that think beyond the monetary aspect of the deal and take the issue to personal levels. His objectives are supposed to be motivated by both success and failure because, according to Breakenridge (2012), salespeople only make 20% of all their effort in a common market. The situation may be tougher in a new market and simpler in a market dominated by the advertised products. Salespeople are also expected to have the capability of learning the connectedness needs, development needs, problem-solving abilities in which case these will enhance consumer ability to access and use the go ods effectively. Consumer loyalty comes from customer satisfaction. Continued purchase relies on delivering well-being. Salespeople, therefore, ought to have the relevant knowledge or an orientation based on the hands-on experience and practice. Poon and Fatt (2000) contend that salespeople with a learning orientation based on practice and experience perform better. Increased sales are based on this experience and ability to perform better in the marketplace. Therefore, the knowledge and experience give the consumer in-depth explanation of the goods available for sale. The relationships between business and the customers are built by the salespeople in the market. Through relations, salespeople have the ability to secure contracts for the companies that they work for. Salespeople also help customers to think differently about companies and the companies’ products.

Man vs Nature in Hawthornes The Birthmark and Jack Londons To Build a Essay

Man vs Nature in Hawthornes The Birthmark and Jack Londons To Build a Fire - Essay Example The point is that although man cannot hope to overcome nature, some men are foolhardy enough to try. Such men usually get adequate warning and advice, and if they choose to ignore these, they are doomed. Hawthorne reveals that some scientists of Aylmer's time believed that they could rob the secret of creation from Nature, but he only wonders whether "Aylmer possessed this degree of faith in man's ultimate control over Nature." Anyway, Aylmer is so blinded by his learning that he believes that he can correct an error of Nature. The 'error' referred to is nothing more than a tiny birthmark on the otherwise perfect face of his beloved wife Georgiana. Aylmer has been warned in a dream that an attempt to remove the mark could place the life of his beloved in danger. Yet, led on by his confidence in his skills and the power of Science, or pulled by Fate, Aylmer decides to remove the birthmark. Georgiana supports her husband in this experiment because she prefers even death to the possession of a face that could 'shock' or disgust her husband. She has great faith in her husband's knowledge and abilities. When he assures her that he could remove the birthmark, she encourages him, without o f any thought of the danger to herself. Aylmer is assisted in the operation by Aminadab, who with "his vast strength, his shaggy hair, his smoky aspect, and the indescribable earthiness that incrusted him . . . seemed to represent man's physical nature; while Aylmer's slender figure, and pale, intellectual face, were no less apt a type of the spiritual element." The man of earth appears wiser, however, than the man of spirit when he mutters to himself, "If she were my wife, I'd never part with that birthmark." Aylmer receives two more warnings of disaster. Two scientific experiments with which he tries to divert his pretty wife before the major operation backfire. Still, he does not wish to give up. Nobly encouraged by his wife, he persists with the operation. The dose he gives her is strong enough to remove the imperfection from her face. When Georgiana wakes, Aylmer rejoices at the sight of his pretty wife with her new, perfect face. Alas, as all the 'imperfection' leaves Georgiana's body, her soul leaves the world alon g with it. Aylmer remains alone and solitary, to think about the limitations of his intellect and his understanding in contrast with the profound depths within which Nature hides her secrets. London's human character in "To Build a Fire" is not given a name-he is only referred to as "the man", perhaps suggesting that he could represent all men, or many men. His weakness is to be found in his lack of 'imagination', and in his confidence in the powers of his physical strength. "He was quick and alert in the things of life, but only in the things, and not in the significances." He was a newcomer in the cold land and it was his first winter there. Yet, instead of listening to the voice of wisdom and experience, he rejects the advice of an old traveler never to go out in the freezing cold. The thought of fifty degrees below zero brought to his mind the picture of something "cold and uncomfortable, and that was all:" It did not lead him to meditate upon his frailty as a creature of temperature, and upon man's frailty in general, able only to live within certain narrow limits of heat and cold; and from there on it did not lead him

Public Administration Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Public Administration - Case Study Example The experiment showed that limiting members of each crew would be more efficient and less costly. The replacement would involve the use of more advanced equipment that would require less of human labor. The most important information that helped a great deal during the whole procedure was the use of number of residents representing the city. It helped to identify all aspects of the city and the character of garbage deposition throughout the city. It gave a clear picture that is important in predicting and planning for the city. Another important aspect is the use of time and population as the basic data unit. During the experiment, certain assumptions made lead to its success. The garbage cans used are of average capacity from each home. Therefore, the amount of garbage is of the same capacity from each home. Another assumption is the residents willingly cooperating with the staff and following every instruction as required. Methods of analysis used to evaluate the methods were the same in all scenarios. The study used tables to represent and analyze the data collected. The study considered the total average weight collected in five days, time taken to access seven hundred and thirty units in the street, time taken to access five hundred and sixty five units in the alley, labor costs and price of equipment. The next step is conversion of the data to the total city population to give the overall picture. In the method one and two, were not effective as it was prone to a lot of time wasted. The methods could not allow for maximum garbage collection. Although method three and four were quite efficient, the cost of maintenance of the modified rear-loading packer would cost the town a lot. Method 5 proved to be very efficient and economical. The side-loaded vehicle eased the work and it improved every individual’s responsibility in garbage collection. The cost of modification and purchase the trucks in method 4 in a spurn of 20 years is

Revenue Drivers and Overview of the Strategies at Google Term Paper

Revenue Drivers and Overview of the Strategies at Google - Term Paper Example Google with it revenues reported at $3.21 billion for the quarter ending at December 31, 2006, an increase of 67% compared to the 4th quarter of 2005, this company is fast growing with its philosophy of delivering more than what is expected. Google on its expansion spree in the international front has led them to gain access to new partners and growing, thereby delivering targeted and measurable ads. Positioning helps a company create a perception in the minds of the target audience in the market amidst its competitors. Google s positioning comes across evidently in the philosophy of focusing on their end user by using simple interfaces protecting the privacy of the individual and having advertising restricted only ones relevant to the search. The ability to customize Google in over 100 languages shows their continuous improvement in the quality of service making Google more accessible for a variety of people. 1. Target Audience: Google is a high-quality service which can be availed by anybody who is seeking information that can be accessed from anywhere. They now have broadened their target segment by introducing customized homepages in several languages. 2. Defining the service: The Company believes in providing its audience with an experience redefining the way individuals, businesses and technologists use the Internet. The service examines a whole host of web pages to return relevant information of one's search. ...From Images to phone numbers to airline flight info to categories in the Open Directory to a spell checker to translating web pages, Google makes a perfect search engine sometimes even categorizing adult content.3. Target Audience perception: The millions of users now perceive 'life to be a Google query'.4. Competitive positioning: Custom libraries created by Google help them cut down their cost by about 50% thus making them more productive than their closest competitors like Amazon, eBay, Microsoft, and Yahoo. As a result of its superior technology systems, competitors need to spend 4 times as much to catch up.  

MGMT335 U5 IP Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

MGMT335 U5 IP - Research Paper Example receive an equal pay just like any other member who got the same skills and competence working under similar working environment without considering such factors as sex. The act may exhibit exceptions in instances where merit and seniority may lead to unequal pay especially when the quality of work differs (Andrews, 2007). The other indispensable law employers ought to observe is contained under Title VII of the Civil Rights Acts of 1964. The act provides immunity to employees from traits that tend to discriminate individuals based on color, sex, religion or nationality. The law works in organizations that have more than 15 employees working under the same environmental conditions. Employers also uphold the legislation contained under Section 504 of the Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1973 that provides immunity to qualified individuals with disability. The act prohibits employers from discriminating skilled and competent individuals from participating in promotion and hiring process due to their disability unless the condition is affecting the performance of the individual (Andrews, 2007). Employers are supposed to respect laws stipulated under The National Labor Relations Act that allow the workforce to vent their grievances without being discriminated. The workforce may form labor unions that they use as channels to communicate their discomfort once promoted or hired in a particular job group (U.S. Department of Labor, 2012). Employers should observe legislation that fall under The Employment Retirement Security Act of 1970. This act provides protections to the workforce when seeking their retirement benefit. Employers should not discriminate individuals when they express their rights to access their retirement benefits. Title VII of the Civil Rights Acts of 1964 and Section 504 of the Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1973 forms the two exemplars of legislation that specifically deals with discrimination. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 provides

Revenue Drivers and Overview of the Strategies at Google Term Paper

Revenue Drivers and Overview of the Strategies at Google - Term Paper Example Google with it revenues reported at $3.21 billion for the quarter ending at December 31, 2006, an increase of 67% compared to the 4th quarter of 2005, this company is fast growing with its philosophy of delivering more than what is expected. Google on its expansion spree in the international front has led them to gain access to new partners and growing, thereby delivering targeted and measurable ads. Positioning helps a company create a perception in the minds of the target audience in the market amidst its competitors. Google s positioning comes across evidently in the philosophy of focusing on their end user by using simple interfaces protecting the privacy of the individual and having advertising restricted only ones relevant to the search. The ability to customize Google in over 100 languages shows their continuous improvement in the quality of service making Google more accessible for a variety of people. 1. Target Audience: Google is a high-quality service which can be availed by anybody who is seeking information that can be accessed from anywhere. They now have broadened their target segment by introducing customized homepages in several languages. 2. Defining the service: The Company believes in providing its audience with an experience redefining the way individuals, businesses and technologists use the Internet. The service examines a whole host of web pages to return relevant information of one's search. ...From Images to phone numbers to airline flight info to categories in the Open Directory to a spell checker to translating web pages, Google makes a perfect search engine sometimes even categorizing adult content.3. Target Audience perception: The millions of users now perceive 'life to be a Google query'.4. Competitive positioning: Custom libraries created by Google help them cut down their cost by about 50% thus making them more productive than their closest competitors like Amazon, eBay, Microsoft, and Yahoo. As a result of its superior technology systems, competitors need to spend 4 times as much to catch up.  

Account for plagiarism in universities in English speaking countries Essay

Account for plagiarism in universities in English speaking countries - Essay Example Plagiarism is referred to as copying other people’s ideas or words without giving proper reference or credit. It is just a part of overall cheating problem.Subjective evidence and few researches reveal that cheating among students is much more widespread than it is usually acknowledged. In 2009-10, as much as 17,000 students in more than 80 universities were recorded by universities as involved in plagiarizing. Nowadays, Plagiarism has become a growing concern for universities. A large number of universities spend thousands of dollars in purchasing expensive plagiarism detector software so as to determine the percentage of plagiarism in an assignment. In order to overcome cost, many universities do not check plagiarism of every assignment since there are thousands of students with dozens of courses each year. Therefore, they prefer in checking plagiarism of the most important assignments, dissertations and research papers only. The availability of all type of information over internet has made plagiarism easier than ever before. Copying and pasting entire essays or few paragraphs from internet can be done in just few mouse clicks. Plagiarism is more common among university students since they face unanticipated pressures of deadlines. There are certain reasons which account for plagiarism in university students in English speaking countries. Some of them are briefly mentioned below. Ignorance Countries other than United States may have taught different conventions and rules to their students, which differentiate from that of American Academy. Others merely might not know how to paraphrase appropriately or they might believe that as long as they are providing references and inserting in-text citations, then it is acceptable to use the same language as mentioned in the source from where they are copying. One of the methods to fight ignorance is to teach students in class regarding the convention of academic citations. It can be done by discussing about pla giarism in class, guiding students to the websites of writing centers and handing them out different material related to plagiarism. Writing difficulty Due to lack of interest in studies, many students do not participate in class work and home work. By doing so, they soon lose confidence in their writing skills and abilities. They feel that they are deprived of creative and good ideas as well as academic writing skills. Such students usually confront writer’s block when they are facing the blank page. Since they lack confidence in their own writing abilities, they feel they would not be getting good marks. Therefore, they tend to copy their assignment from other credible sources. Anxiety Anxiety can result from many causes. Some of them include tensions at jobs, anxiety about writing, being overloaded with too many assignments, certain issues at home, not completely understanding the assignment questions etc. Such anxiety arise sense of laziness and carelessness among student s. Since they cannot escape the given assignments, therefore they tend to find relevant answers on internet and copy and paste those answers into their assignments as their own words. Careless note-taking Many students do not pay attention in class and avoid note-taking of class lectures. Making notes of regular lectures can minimize the trouble of writing assignment, since they would have necessary points written in their notebooks with the help of which, they can prepare their assignments. Many students do not write notes while being in the class and therefore, when an assignment is given to them, they plagiarize. Lack of perceived consequences If a large number of students are cheating, then it also affects other students who are preparing their assignments by themselves. Such students feel discouraged since they are putting too much effort into their homework while others aren’t. Even worse, the students who plagiarize get good marks than those who are working hard on the ir assignments without

World’s Top 10 Coffee-Producing Essay Example for Free

World’s Top 10 Coffee-Producing Essay Coffee is the world’s second largest traded commodity it is used not only for drinking but for soft drinks and cosmetics as well, it is second only to oil according to all imports and exports from all countries. They are two main types Arabica coffee (most people are used to this and are more popular) and there is Robusta coffee. In the last two years the prices of coffee have been gradually falling (Ycharts. (2013). Coffee Arabica Price) alongside this, the supply of coffee has also been falling. Although there have been some price fluctuations at times and this could end up really affecting an economy that depends on coffee. The reason that this is such a big deal is because the countries that heavily depend on coffee exports are usually developing countries and with the price of coffee falls, so does their rate of development, these countries involve countries such as Vietnam, Ethiopia, Peru and Guatemala who are all within the world’s top ten coffee producers (Justin Doom. (2011). World’s Top 10 Coffee-Producing Countries in 2010-2011). When these economies are weakened, they face to their governments, who need to somehow intervene in the coffee market and try to stabilise the prices so that they can reach their ultimate goal to continue to develop. Price stability in the coffee market is an ideal scenario in a market where the prices for coffee do not alter drastically. They may raise a little or fall, but never by a noticeable amount, and are easy to predict, which can help coffee producers plan for the far future. It is not only important to coffee producers, but to the economy as whole, if the prices for coffee are unstable, for some countries this could have a huge impact on the inflation levels. The diagram below describes how an unstable price for coffee can increase and affect the short run aggregate supply and cause the general price level for the economy to rise and therefore causing inflation as they did in July 2012 (Ycharts. (2013) There are several reasons why the prices of coffee have been fluctuating, but still gradually falling. The first reason is that coffee or coffee beans are extracted from plants. These plants must first be grown, then harvested. There is only so much mankind can do to ensure that there is always excess coffee however sometimes natural disasters can occur, and there is nothing that farmers can do to prevent this, when natural disasters occurs it means that farmers will have small yields and supply for coffee will be low, for  example Colombia, one of the world’s leading coffee producers and exporters, in recent years have been experiencing poor weather conditions which have led to production falling by 12% to 7.809 million bags in 2011 which is a record low that hasn’t been seen since 1976. This can cause the price to increase seeing as coffee is the world’s second most demanded commodity. These poor conditions consisted of excessive heavy rainfall, disease, pest and limited sunlight (Zacks Equity Research. (2012)). The graph below shows how the supply for coffee has decrease leading to a rise in price On the other hand this is just an example for Colombia and for the rest of the world the prices for coffee have been falling for the last four years, this is due to wealthy individuals and companies use their money to invest in the global coffee suppliers, and other large coffee producers such as Brazil (the world number three) has been turning out high yield and is expected to do so in following years. Fain Shaffer, president of infinity trading crop expects coffee to be traded by one dollar to a pound of coffee, figures which have not been seen since September 2006. (Alexandra Wexler. (09/17/2013)) Coffee prices may currently be relatively stable at the moment however according to research conducted by the Royal Botanical Edinburgh along with Ethiopian scientists and London’s Botanical Garden, Kew, have predicted that wild Arabica coffee will be extinct by the year 2080. If the prices beg in to fall, all of a sudden the prices for coffee will no longer be stable. No country operates on a 100% free market. All economies are mixed, some tend to be freer than others, however should a country find that prices are volatile or unfair, they can always rely on the government to intervene, aka government intervention. One way a government could help stabilise the price of coffee is through buffer stock schemes, these schemes focus on the prices of coffee and try to stabilize the price, they do this by first establishing the intervention price, this is a price the government thinks is most suitable for coffee. Once this has been established the government will then buy up a lot of coffee when the price is at its lowest, they continue to do this until prices for coffee begin to rise again, and to balance out the price to make sure it is at the intervention price. They are constantly buying coffee to balance out the price. This is an effective method in theory however in real life they do not work out as planned because the people in charge of the buffer stock  tend to get greedy and try to max imise profits rather than help the economy as a whole and end up just constantly buying till they go bust. A good example of a successful buffer stock scheme is in Brazil, for years Conab, Brazil’s official crop bureau has been buying coffee at low prices and uses it to help local producers when the selling price for coffee is too low. Between 2003-2004 Conab had just under four million KGs accumulated. (Geoff Riley. (2012)) Another issue with this is that it is very difficult for a government to raise enough money to buy up enough coffee to influence the natural supply and demand. It is also expensive to store large amounts of coffee and because it is an agricultural good it has a shelf life. Another method the government could intervene is through Subsidies. A subsidy is a grant given by the government in order to increase production, this would help producers who have produce low yields due to high taxation and or high costs If the government could make coffee more attractive this could help stabilise the price if supply started to fall. This however is not a very effective meth od because it can only help bring the supply of coffee back up, and it may be able to work to well, if producers begin to produce excess supply the prices of coffee could start to increase sharply leaving the prices unstable yet again. Buffer stock schemes are the most ideal way for a government to ensure price stability, and the success of the scheme depends heavily on whether or not the Government can provide proper facilities to accommodate huge quantities of coffee and are able to afford to buy enough Coffee to be able to alter the market forces so that if prices go to high they can bring them down and if they go to low that they can bring them back up again, if not it could result in huge losses for the economy and even end up setting the country back. The supply and demand of coffee can and always will be prone to quick sudden changes due to circumstances that are unavoidable.

Exposing the Truth in Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong Essay -- Things

Exposing the Truth in Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong   Ã‚   "Dear Mom and Dad: The war that has taken my life, and many thousands of others before me, is immoral, unlawful, and an atrocity," (letter of anonymous soldier qtd. In Fussell 653). Tim O'Brien, a Vietnam war vet, had similar experiences as the soldier above. Even though O'Brien didn't die, the war still took away his life because a part of him will never be the same. Even in 1995, almost thirty years after the war, O'Brien wrote, "Last night suicide was on my mind. Not whether, but how. Tonight it will be on my mind again... I sit in my underwear at this unblinking fool of a computer and try to wrap words around a few horrid truths" (Vietnam 560). 1 think that O'Brien is still suffering from what he experienced in Vietnam and he uses his writing to help him deal with his conflicts. In order to deal with war or other traumatic experiences, you sometimes just have to relive the experiences over and over. This is what O'Brien does with his writing; he expresses his emotional truths even if it means he has to change the facts of the literal truth. The literal truth, or some of the things that happen during war, are so horrible that you don't want to believe that it could've actually have happened. For instance, "[o]ne colonel wanted the hearts cut out of the dead Vietcong to feed to his dog.... Ears were strung together like beads. Parts of Vietnamese bodies were kept as trophies; skulls were a favorite... The Twenty-fifth Infantry Division left a 'visiting card,' a torn off shoulder patch of the division's emblem, stuffed in the mouth of the Vietnamese they killed," (Fussell 655). While we don't want to believe these things because they sound too atrocious, soldi... ...e who sent the soldiers to war are just as responsible as the soldiers for any acts of war they committed. Works Cited Fussell, Paul. "Vietnam." The Bloody Game: An Anthology of   Modern War. Ed. Paul Fussell. London: Scribners, 1991. 651-6. O'Brien, Tim.   "How to Tell a True War Story." Writing as  Re-Vision. Eds. Beth Alvarado and Barbara Cully.   Needham Heights, MA: Simon & Schuster Custom Publishing, 1996. 550-8. _________.   In the Lake of the Woods.   New York: Houghton   Mifflin, 1994. __________.   "The Lives of   the Dead."   The Things They  Carried.   New York: Viking Penguin, 1990. 255-273. __________.   "The Vietnam in Me."   Writing as Re-Vision. 559-571. Schroeder, Eric James.   "Tim O'Brien: Maybe So."   Vietnam,  We've All Been There: Interviews with American Writers.   Ed.   Eric James Schroeder.   Westport, Conn: Praeger, 1992. 125-43.

Hamlet †its Universality :: The Tragedy of Hamlet Essays

Hamlet – its Universality  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   What secrets of dramatic genius underpin the universal acceptance of Shakespeare’s tragedy Hamlet so long after its composition?    Harold Bloom in the Introduction to Modern Critical Interpretations: Hamlet explains one very solid basis for the universal appeal of this drama -- the popular innovation in characterization made by the Bard:    Before Shakespeare, representations in literature may change as they speak, but they do not change because of what they say. Shakespearean representation turns upon his persons listening to themselves simultaneously with our listening, and learning and changing even as we learn and change. Falstaff delights himself as much as he delights us, and Hamlet modifies himself by studying his own modifications. Ever since, Falstaff has been the inescapable model for nearly all wit, and Hamlet the paradigm for all introspection. (3)    Another feature of the play is that the Bard presents characters which are lifelike and with whom the audience can identify. William Hazlitt comments in â€Å"Characters of Shakespear's Plays† on Prince Hamlet: It is we who are Hamlet.[. . .] he who has felt his mind sink within him, and sadness cling to his heart like a malady, who has had his hopes blighted and his youth staggered by the apparitions of strange things; who cannot well be at ease, while he sees evil hovering near him like a spectre; whose powers of action have been eaten up by thought, he to whom the universe seems infinite, and himself nothing; whose bitterness of soul makes him careless of consequences [. . .] -- this is the true Hamlet. (74-75)    Brian Wilkie and James Hurt in Literature of the Western World conclude that the Bard’s â€Å"sharply etched characters,† representing universal types, are the secret of his amazingly broad appeal (2155-56). The â€Å"sharply etched characters† involve a heterogeneity. Harry Levin in the General Introduction to The Riverside Shakespeare explains:      Universal as his attraction has been, it is best understood through particulars.[. . .] The book-learning that Shakespeare displays here and there is far less impressive, in the long run, than his fund of general information. His frame of reference is so far-ranging, and he is so concretely versed in the tricks of so many trades, that lawyers have written to prove he was trained in the law, sailors about his expert seamanship, naturalists upon his botanizing, and so on throughout the professions.

Marketing Communication Essay

â€Å"Brand positioning is an attempt to create and maintain a unique representation of the brand in customer’s mind, a representation that is expected to stimulate choice of that brand† (Rossiter, 2005, p.42). Positioning, in fact, refers to how customers think about different brands in a market. Through brand positioning a company attempts to build a sustainable competitive advantage on product attributes in the consumer’s mind. Nevertheless, developing a successful positioning strategy is not easy. Positioning products in a complex market can be one of a company’s most difficult decisions (Gwin, 2003, p.30). Brand positioning is the first stage of marcoms planning. â€Å"Before the manager can make a reasonable decision about where the brand should be headed via its marcoms, the manager first has to decide – to change, if necessary, or to shore up and reconfirm – the brand’s positioning† (Rossiter, 2005, p.32). The three-level procedure for positioning, presented by Rossiter and Bellman (2005, p.42), contains T-C-B positioning model, I-D-U benefit analysis and a-b-e benefit claim model. The T-C-B positioning model requires managerial decisions on three factors – Target Customer (T) for the brand, Category Need (C) into which the brand should be positioned and Key Benefit (B) which will be offered by the brand. In order to correctly determine the category need, benefits sought and the purchase decision process, managers have to rely on a customer research. The most useful types of research are individual depth interviews and Marcoms Situation Audit (Rossiter, 2005, p.44). The Target Customer decision answers the question â€Å"Who is the brand for?†, and it has to be defined for different types of customer, known as stakeholders. However, the most important is the decision on End-Customer target for brand positioning, and it should be defined as broadly as possible, including all current and potential users of the brand. Category Need (C) is another positioning decision, and it aims to answer the question â€Å"What is the brand?†. It is essential that the Category Need is identified and described in customer language and from customer’s point of view. The Key Benefit (B) decision is the third factor in the brand’s positioning, and it includes several sub-decisions. Firstly, managers have to decide between central, differentiated and central me-too benefit positioning within the category. Secondly, the decision on the emphasised benefit type has to be  made. The benefit to be emphasized, or the Key Benefit, can be instinctual, archetypal, emotional or rational. Finally, managers must decide on entry-ticket benefits that have to be mentioned, and any inferior benefits, which should be tr aded off or omitted in the marketing communications. Key Benefit (B) selection for the T-C-B brand positioning decision is accomplished by conducting an I-D-U Benefit Analysis of competing brands in the category. The manager has to select the Key Benefit that is important or motivating to target customers (I), deliverable by the brand (D) and unique to the brand (U) (Rossiter, 2005, p.62). To decide which benefits are important, deliverable and unique, managers have to evaluate the potential of multiple benefits, using multiattribute model. Importance or desirability of benefits could be determined by identifying the important customer benefits in a product category, and asking users to rate the desirability of each benefit. To find out the Delivery, the same customers who provided the importance ratings could be asked to rate how well each competing brand delivers on each of the important benefits. Uniqueness, or differentially superior delivery, could be determined by calculating Brand Preference score from I-D-U ratings – by multiplying delivery rating of the brand by the importance weight for each benefit and then summing them (Rossiter, 2005, p.64). After completing the I-D-U analysis, managers have to choose one of five strategic options for increasing the brand’s market share via Key Benefit positioning. These options are: to increase the brand’s perceived delivery on an important benefit; to increase the perceived importance of a benefit; to decrease a competitor’s perceived delivery; to add a new benefit; and to change the choice rule. The a-b-e benefit claim model is the third, final stage of positioning. This model looks at the structure of benefit claims, and distinguishes between attributes (a), which are ‘what the brand has† (objectively), benefits (b), which are â€Å"what the customer wants† (subjectively), and emotions (e), which refer to â€Å"what the customer feel†. Decisions made in T-C-B positioning model, I-D-U benefit analysis and a-b-e benefit claim model are incorporated in the positioning statement for the brand. In our consultancy report we used T-C-B positioning model to perform the  positioning analysis for Mortein insect spray. Keeping in mind that the definition of Target Customer should be broad and include all current and potential users of the brand, the End-Customer target for Mortein insect spray was defined as â€Å"Consumers of household insecticide products†. Category Need into which Mortein insect spray is to be positioned was defined, from the customer’s point of view, as â€Å"Insect killers†. The benefit to be emphasised, or the Key Benefit, was identified as â€Å"Fast killing of insects†. We decided to adopt central positioning within the category because Mortein is the leading brand in the Australian household insecticide market. Rational approach, or Rational Selling Proposition, which is focused on a functional performance benefit, was used to identify the Key Benefit. Since the choice between brands of insect spray is Informationally motivated, the rational approach is the best alternative for identifying the Key Benefit. In order to identify the importance or desirability of benefits, we provided a small sample of users of insect spray with a list of benefits, and asked them to rate each of these benefits on a 9-point scale from extremely desirable to extremely undesirable. From their responses we found out that the most important benefits were fast killing, low price and safety. To determine the delivery by each brand we asked the same group of users to rate, on a five point rating scale, how well different brands perform on each of the important benefits. Mortein insect spray scored 4.5 on fast killing, 1.5 on price and 5.0 on safety. Uniqueness was estimated by calculating the Brand Preference score for Mortein insect spray, which was 32.5, or72% of the Ideal brand score. Based on that analysis, first I-D-U strategy option – to increase our brand’s perceived delivery on an important benefit – has been selected. We would like to increase the delivery rating on the most important benefit – fast killing, and, also, to slightly increase delivery rating on price. Regarding the a-b-e benefit claim model, since Mortein insect spray is an Informationally motivated product, we decided to use e-→b (negative emotion → benefit), or Problem-solution benefit chain. People feel annoyed because of the presence of insects in their homes (they have a strong negative emotion), so Mortein will offer them a benefit of fast killing of insects. There are also other models for brand positioning that managers can employ. Perceptual mapping techniques are frequently used to aid managers in making brand positioning decisions (Kohli, 1993, p.10). Perceptual maps could be used to determine where the brand is positioned with the respect to the competitive brands, and to help identify product or service attributes which are important to customers, and which can be used to differentiate one company’s offering from the others in the category. The perceptual mapping delivers a graphic map of the various attributes, locating in space the different brands already in the marketplace with relation to each other and with relation to various attributes uncovered by quantitative surveying of customers and potential customers (Cahill, 1997, p.101). Amongst various techniques of perceptual mapping, the most frequently used are Factor Analysis, Discriminant analysis and Multidimensional Scaling. Factor Analysis is essentially a data reduction technique in which the objective is to represent the original pool of attributes in terms of a smaller number of dimensions or factors (Kohli, 1993, p.10). After the factors have been identified, the brand’s ratings on these factors are used to position the brands in perceptual space. Factor Analysis works best for promotional and communications strategies because it yields more affective dimensions (Gwin, 2003, p.33). Discriminant analysis is also used to reduce the number of attributes to a smaller number of underlying dimensions. However, unlike Factor Analysis, it focuses on attributes which show differences between brands (Kohli, 1993, p.11). Since it yields more objective dimensions, Discriminant analysis is most often used for new product design. Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) enables managers to map brands spatially, so that the relative positions in the mapped space reflect the degree of perceived similarity between the brands. Respondents are asked to evaluate brands in pairs, judging the overall similarity of the brands, not individual attributes (Kohli, 1993, p.12). The best use of Multidimensional Scaling is in established markets, with numerous brands available to respondents. On the other hand, Gwin and Gwin (2003) favour another tool, the Product Attributes model, over perceptual mapping techniques. Product Attributes model assumes that consumer choice is based on the characteristics (or attributes) of a brand. The consumer’s choice is based on maximizing the level of satisfaction received from the product attributes  subject to a budget constraint (Gwin, 2003, p.32). The main strength of this model is the ability to incorporate the impact of price into assessment of brand positioning. Perceptual mapping is useful because it makes easier for people to see and understand relationship when they are presented graphically, rather than when they are offered in columns of figures or in long verbal descriptions (Cahill, 1997, p.101). If we used perceptual mapping in our consultancy report it would, enable us to locate different brands in space, and, actually, see what Mortein stands for in relation to the competitors. Nevertheless, this technique has several drawbacks. Firstly, it compares only two, usually most important attributes, while other attributes ate neglected. Secondly, there is no way of representing benefit importance in perceptual maps because the attributes are invariably plotted as though they were of equal importance (Rossiter, 2005, p.70). In our particular case, for Mortein insect spray, if we employed perceptual mapping, we would probably obtain similar results to those from I-D-U benefit analysis. However, by using perceptual mapping techniques, we would have to spend considerably more time and effort on research and statistical analysis. Therefore, we believe that the I-D-U model favoured by Rossiter and Bellman (2005) is superior to perceptual mapping and other models of brand positioning. References Cahill, D., (1997), How Consumers Pick a Hotel: Strategic Segmentation and Target Marketing, The Haworth Press, Inc., New York Greenberg, M., and McDonald, S. S., (1989), ‘Successful Needs/Benefits Segmentation: A user’s Guide’, The Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 6, Iss. 3, pp. 29-36 Gwin, C. and Gwin, C., (2003), ‘Product attributes model: A tool for evaluating brand positioning’, Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, Vol. 11, Iss. 2, pp. 30-42 Haley, R., (1995), ‘Benefit segmentation: A decision-oriented research tool’, Marketing Management, Vol. 4, Iss. 1, pp. 59-63 Kohli, C. and Leuthesser, L., (1993), ‘Product positioning: A comparison of perceptual mapping techniques’, The Journal of Product and Brand Management, Vol. 2, Iss. 4, pp. 10-20 Kotler, P. et al., (2004), Marketing, 6th edition, Pearson Education Australia Rossiter, J. R. and Bellman, S., (2005), Marketing communications; theory and applications, Pearson Education Australia Wedel, M. and Steenkamp, J. E. M., (1991), ‘A Clusterwise Regression Method for Simultaneous Fuzzy Market Structuring and Benefit Segmentation’, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 28, Iss. 4, pp. 385-392

Sex Balls Gangbang

UHL2412–English for Academic Communication–Unit 4–Learning Tasks Introduction to argumentative essay I) Pre-listening task: Instruction: In groups of 4/5, discuss and work out the structure of an argumentative essay, which is different from other types of essays. Your group leader has to report the structure to the whole class. II) Listening task: a) Watch the following video on ‘argumentative essay’. Take notes while watching. http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=R3fCIuX7BMc b) The video will be played again.This time check your notes. c) Referring to your notes, answer all questions below. Write your answers on the lines provided. ANSWERS 1. Structure of academic essay:___________________________________________________ 2. Structure of 5-paragraph essay: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________ 3. Structure of argumentative essay: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 4. Chosen topic:______________________ 5. Debatable statement:_________________________________________________________ 6. Chosen position statement:_____________________________________________________ 7. My positioning statement:______________________________________________________ Reasons for disagreeing: i)_____________________________________________________________________ i)_____________________________________________________________________ iii)____________________________________________________________________ 8. Pattern of topic sentence:__________________________________________________ 9. Refutation: We must refute the ____________________of this argument. We need a transition signal __ ____________________to introduce the refutation. III) Post-listening task Task: Write an argumentative essay on â€Å"Facebook is better than emailling’. The following headings can help you complete your essay. A) INTRODUCTIONBackground information: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________ ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ Thesis statement: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ B) SUPPORTING EVIDENCE PARAGRAPH #1 Topic sentence: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Concluding sentence: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ C) SUPPORTING EVIDENCE PARAGRAPH #2 Topic sentence: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Concluding sentence: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ D) SUPPORTING EVIDENCE PARAGRAPH #3 Topic sentence: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Concluding sentence: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ E) COUNTERARGUMENT PARAGRAPH __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Concluding sentence: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ F) CONCLUSION PART 1: SUM UP PARAGRAPH __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________ ___________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ G) CONCLUSION PART 2: YOUR â€Å"SO WHAT† PARAGRAPH _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________ ________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paraphrasing Exercise Direction: Write a paraphrase of each of the following passages on the lines provided. 1. Of the more than 1000 bicycling deaths each year, three-fourth s are caused by head injuries. Half of those killed are school-age children. One study concluded that wearing a bike helmet can reduce the risk of head injury by 85 percent. In an accident, a bike helmet absorbs the shock and cushions the head.From â€Å"Bike Helmets: Unused Lifesavers,† Consumer Reports (May 1990): 348. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.While the Sears Tower is arguably the greatest achievement in skyscraper engineering so far, it's unlikely that architects and engineers have abandoned the quest for the world's tallest building. The question is: Just how high can a building go? Structural engineer William LeMessurier has designed a skyscraper nearly one-half mile high, twice as tall as the Sears Tower. And architect Robert Sobel claims that existing technology could produce a 500-story building. From Ron Bachman, â€Å"Reaching for the Sky. † Dial (May 1990): 15. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________ ______________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Identifying the main idea Task: Read the following paragraph and identify the main idea.Write down in your own words what you are able to conclude from the information. â€Å"The rules of conduct during an examination are clear. No books, calculators or papers are allowed in the test room. Proctors will not allow anyone with such items to take the test. Anyone caught cheating will be asked to leave the room. His or her test s heet will be taken. The incident will be reported to the proper authority. At the end of the test period, all materials will be returned to the proctor. Failure to abide by these rules will result in a failing grade for this test. † ANSWERS i) Which sentence indicates the main idea? _____________________________________ ii) Your conclusion: ____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ Supporting Details Top of Form [pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic]Directions: Read the following paragraphs. Each consists of a stated main idea and several details. Since there is more than one detail, you will select more than one answer. CIRCLE YOUR ANSWERS. | | [pic] Passage One The topic of this paragraph is personal digital assistants.Personal digital assistants (PDAs) are small, hand-held elect ronic organizers that come in a range of prices and capabilities. These lightweight computers are usually operated with a stylus, a special â€Å"pen. † The most basic, inexpensive PDAs have monochromatic screens. They can be used to organize and store contact information, such as names, phone numbers, and email addresses. More expensive models have colour screens and offer computer-like applications. For example, you can manage email and create documents. In addition, they include a calendar function that allows you to keep track of appointments and events. They feature the ability to play video and audio files. The most expensive PDAs also offer a phone function, including text messaging. [pic][pic] | |[pic] | |a) |Which of these are supporting details in the paragraph? | | | | | |Personal digital assistants (PDAs) are small, hand-held electronic organizers that come in a range of prices and | | |capabilities. | | |They can be used to organize and store contact information , such as names, phone numbers, and email addresses. | | |More expensive models have colour screens and offer computer-like applications. | | |The most expensive PDAs offer a phone function, including text messaging. | | | | | | | | | | | | |[pic] | | | |[pic] | | | |[pic] | | | |[pic] | | | | | |[pic] | | | | | |b) |The purpose of the major details in this paragraph is to give | | | | | |reasons to buy a colour PDA. | | |differences between inexpensive and expensive PDAs. | | |the procedure for buying a PDA. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |[pic] | | | |[pic] | | | |[pic] | | | [pic] Passage Two The topic of this paragraph is eating nutritious food. Are you in the habit of skipping breakfast? Breakfast is important; it gets your metabolism going. Then spread your remaining calories throughout the rest of the day by eating a wholesome lunch, nutritious snack, and balanced dinner. Eating this way keeps your metabolism high. You are also less likely to binge on junk food. You wi ll have more energy and feel better if you eat nutritious food at least every four hours. [pic][pic] | |[pic] | |a) | |Which of these are supporting details in the paragraph? | | | |Breakfast is important; it gets your metabolism going. | |Then spread your remaining calories throughout the rest of the day by eating a wholesome lunch, nutritious snack, and balanced dinner. | |Eating this way keeps your metabolism high. | |You will have more energy and feel better if you eat nutritious food at least every four hours. | | | | | | | | | | | | |[pic] | | | | | | | |[pic] | | | | | | | |[pic] | | | | | | | |[pic] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |[pic] | |b) |The purpose of the major details in this paragraph is to give | | | | | |reasons for eating healthy food a throughout the day and how to do it. | | |examples of nutritious meals and snacks that can be eaten throughout the day. | | |suggestions for making healthier food choices. |[pic] | | | |[pic] | | | |[pic] | | | [pic] Passage Three The topic of this paragraph is college campuses and criminal activity and violence. College campuses can be the site of criminal activity and violence, so they require the same level of caution and awareness that you would use in other situations. Keep in mind that 80% of campus crimes are committed by one student against another student. Also, alcohol or drug use is involved in 90% of campus felonies. Drinking or drug use can affect judgment and lower inhibitions, so be aware if you or another person is under the influence. [pic][pic] | |[pic] | |a) |Which of these are supporting details in the paragraph? | | | | | |College campuses can be the site of criminal activity and violence, so they require the same level of caution and | | |awareness that you would use in other situations. | | |Keep in mind that 80% of campus crimes are committed by one student against another student. | | |Also, alcohol or drug use is involved in 90% of campus felon ies. | | |Drinking or drug use can affect judgment and lower inhibitions, so be aware if you or another person is under the | | |influence. | | | | | | |[pic] | | | |[pic] | | | |[pic] | | | |[pic] | |[pic][pic] | | | |[pic] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |b) |The purpose of the major details in this paragraph is to | | | | | |suggest ways of making college campuses safer. | | |contrast college campuses with other places. | | |explain why people need to be alert to possible criminal activity and violence on college campuses. | | | | | | | | | |[pic] | | | |[pic] | | | |[pic] | | | (Source: http://highered. mcgrawhill. com/sites/0073123587/student_view0/chapter9/supporting_details__exercise_1. html)Bottom of Form Contextual Clues Instruction: Read the following article on ‘Changing Plants’ and work out the meanings of the chosen words (1-10) through contextual clues.Write down the clues on the line provided. You are not allowed to use a dictionary. Changing Plant s: New Life Forms The life cycle affects all living things, so the topic has always interested people. Scientists study different life forms and ways to extend life. Some people even work to change life forms. Read about them in this article. New Few people know the name of Dr. Anders Dahl. He died over two centuries ago. Yet Dahl achieved a type of (1) immortality through a flower that bears his name: the dahlia. Like many other plants, the dahlia has changed over the years. People like Dahl are responsible for many of those changes. Dahl’s field was (2) botany.In his lifetime, botany was often practiced in far-off jungles, forests, and meadows. It didn’t take place in laboratories, where much of it takes place now. Botanists in the 1700s travelled around the world. They visited distant places, such as China, collecting plants that were (3) indigenous to those countries. Many flowers came from other lands. Scientists collected these plants and took them back to their own countries. Today, these flowers are found in the United States. However, many have changed. Over the years, scientists have (4) enhanced the plants’ best features and reduced the worst ones. For example, zinnias are now large, colourful flowers. However, the (5) progenitors of today’s zinnias were